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DNA Damage

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Definition: Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.  do not use /drug eff & /rad eff for DNA damage induced by drugs or radiation; do not confuse with DNA FRAGMENTATION: see note there   
See Also Mutation; Pyrimidine Dimers
Examples DNA Adducts; DNA Breaks; DNA Degradation, Necrotic; DNA Fragmentation 		Other names Stress, Genotoxic; Genotoxic Stress; DNA Injury; Stresses, Genotoxic; Injuries, DNA; Genotoxic Stresses; Damages, DNA; Damage, DNA; DNA Injuries; DNA Damages; Injury, DNA
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSource
RAD5a protein, Arabidopsis  0   *Arabidopsis Proteins DNA Damage. DNA Repair (Amst). 2011 Jun 10;10(6):620-8
P(OH)(2)TBCS(n)  0   *Organophosphorus Compounds DNA Damage. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008 Mar 15;18(6):2152-5
Dds20 protein, S pombe  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins DNA Damage. Genetika. 2007 Mar;43(3):417-21
Ddb1 protein, Xenopus  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins *Xenopus Proteins DNA Damage. Nat Cell Biol 2006 Jan;8(1):84-90
Mus81 protein, mouse  EC 3.1.-   *DNA-Binding Proteins *Endonucleases DNA Damage.
MUS81 protein, human  EC 3.1.-   *DNA-Binding Proteins *Endonucleases DNA Damage.
Mms22 protein, S cerevisiae  0   *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins DNA Damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2005;33(3):1021-30
Ddb2 protein, mouse  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins DNA Damage Pyrimidine Dimers. Gene 2000 Mar 7;245(1):151-9
Ddb1 protein, mouse  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins DNA Damage Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
Ddb1 protein, rat  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins DNA Damage Xeroderma Pigmentosum.
Tial1 protein, mouse  0   *RNA-Binding Proteins DNA Damage.
Rdp1 protein, S pombe  EC 3.6.1.-   *Adenosine Triphosphatases *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins DNA Damage Zinc Fingers. Mol Cell Biol 2000 Dec;20(23):8958-68
MUS81 protein, S cerevisiae  EC 3.1.-   *DNA-Binding Proteins *Endonucleases *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins DNA Damage. Mol Gen Genet 2000 Jun;263(5):812-27
2-phenylbenzimidazole  716-79-0   *Benzimidazoles DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 1999 Jan;12(1):38-45
hus1 protein, S pombe  0   *Cell Cycle Proteins *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins DNA Damage. Mol Gen Genet 1997 Apr 28;254(4):389-99
N-hydroxyacridinethione  0   *Acridines *Thiones DNA Damage. Nucleic Acids Res 1996 May 1;24(9):1625-31
N-hydroxypyridine-4-thione  101084-70-2   *Pyridines *Thiones DNA Damage. Nucleic Acids Res 1996 May 1;24(9):1625-31
tetraruthenated porphyrin  0   *Organometallic Compounds *Porphyrins DNA Damage Ruthenium. Photochem Photobiol 1996 Mar;63(3):272-7
DDB1 protein, human  0   *DNA-Binding Proteins DNA Damage Xeroderma Pigmentosum. Eur J Hum Genet 1998 Jul-Aug;6(4):400-5; J Virol 1995 Feb;69(2):1107-14; Mol Cell Biol 1998 Jul;18(7):4391-9; Mutat Res 1994 Oct 1;310(1):89-102
PPP1R15A protein, human  EC 3.1.3.16   *Protein Phosphatase 1 DNA Damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Jun 7;91(12):5247-51
GADD45 protein  0   *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins DNA Damage. Dokl Akad Nauk 1993 Dec;333(6):788-91
(5,6-(4,5-dichlorobenzo)-3,8,11,13-tetraoxo-2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-12,12-diethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane)oxochromate(V)  128999-90-6   *Organometallic Compounds Chromium DNA Damage. Carcinogenesis 1993 Sep;14(9):1875-80
fragmentin  EC 3.4.21.-   *Deoxyribonucleases *Serine Endopeptidases DNA Damage. J Exp Med 1992 Feb 1;175(2):553-66
nadifloxacin  124858-35-1 1H,5H-Benzo(ij)quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-, (+-)  *Quinolizines *Fluoroquinolones DNA Damage Stereoisomerism. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1989;37(8):2103
1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine  120667-07-4   Deoxyguanosine/*analogs & derivatives DNA Damage. Biochemistry 1989;28(13):5647

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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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