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Free Radicals

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Definition: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.  IM GEN only; usually NIM with coord IM   
See Also Free Radical Scavengers; Spin Trapping
Examples Nitric Oxide; Reactive Oxygen Species 		Other names Radicals, Free
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSourceDrugs*
1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl 1-adamantylacetate  0   *Piperidines Adamantane/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2007 May;72(5):558-64
(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenyl)methyl radical  0   *Nitro Compounds Free Radicals. J Org Chem 2007 May 11;72(10):3750-6
HOOO radical  0   *Free Radicals. Chemphyschem 2006 Feb 13;7(2):463-7
1,5-diisopropyl-6-oxo-verdazyl  0   *Free Radicals *Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring. Org Biomol Chem. 2005 Dec 7;3(23):4258-61
N-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-2(3H)-thione  0   *Thiones *Thiazoles Free Radicals. Photochem Photobiol 2000 Nov;72(5):619-24
2'-deoxy-5-methyleneuridin-5-yl  0   *Free Radicals *Uridine. J Org Chem 2000 Jul 28;65(15):4648-54
tyrosine radical  0   *Free Radicals *Tyrosine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000 May 1;377(1):146-52
tyrosyl radical YZ  0   Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals Manganese Photosystem II Protein Complex. Biochemistry 1998 Sep 29;37(39):13594-603
thioformyl  0   *Free Radicals *Sulfides. Science 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1181-4
4,4'-di-(tert-butyl)diphenyl-1-nitroxy  0   *Biphenyl Compounds Free Radicals Spin Labels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 Oct 4;215(1):192-8
4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid)  2638-94-0   *Azo Compounds *Valerates Free Radicals. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994 Aug;33(6):1159-67
hydroxanthommatin  142394-84-1   *Oxazines Free Radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992 May 1;294(2):616-22
sulfate radical  0   *Sulfates Free Radicals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;176(3):1306
tyrosyl radical Y(D)  0   Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals. J Biol Chem 1990;265(33):20139
tocopheroxy radical  113085-06-6   *Free Radicals *Vitamin E. Methods Enzymol 1990;186:197
1-hydroxyethyl radical  16331-64-9   *Ethanol Free Radicals. Free Radic Res Commun 1990;9(3-6):205
free radical reductase  EC 1.8.4.-   *Oxidoreductases Free Radicals. Biochem Int 1990;20(3):495
alkoxyl radical  0   *Alcohols Free Radicals. Basic Life Sci 1988;49:59
tert-butoxy  3141-58-0   *Oxides Free Radicals. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1986;94(5):S7
methyl radical  2229-07-4   Methane/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;141(3):1123
perhydroxyl radical  3170-83-0   *Peroxides Free Radicals. Anal Chem 1986;58(6):1057
bis(3,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl)  99634-12-5   *Morpholines Free Radicals. Cancer Res 1985;45(12 Pt 1):6200
phenoxy radical  3229-70-7   *Phenols Free Radicals. Chem Biol Interact 1984;50(3):351
2,6-dimethoxysemiquinone radicals  26547-64-8 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-dimethoxy-, radical ion(1-)  *Benzoquinones Free Radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81(7):2088
carboxyl radical  14485-07-5   *Carbon Dioxide Free Radicals. Biochimie 1983;65(11-12):593
nitroxyl  14332-28-6   *Nitrogen Oxides Free Radicals.
Pharma Action Antioxidants ; Neuroprotective Agents 		Chem Biol Interact 1983;46(3):317
N-succinyl-4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl  81069-03-6 1-Piperidinyloxy, 4-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl  *Cyclic N-Oxides Free Radicals. Radiology 1983;147(3):773
1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl radical  28760-99-8 Ethyl, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoro  *Chlorofluorocarbons Free Radicals. Mol Pharmacol 1982;21(3):710
5-yl-6-hydroxycytosine  0   Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals. Radiat Res 70(2):304;1977
cumene hydroperoxide  80-15-9 alpha, alpha- dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide  *Benzene Derivatives Free Radicals.
Pharma Action Oxidants 		Acta Biol Med Ger 1979;38(2-3):511; Arch Biochem Biophys 1980;200(1):186; BBRC 77(1):20;1977; Biochem Biophys Res Commun 83(1):14;1978; Biochem Pharm 27(19):2350;1978; Biochem Pharm 27(19):2376;1978; Biochem Pharm 28(1):97;1978; Biochim-Biophys Acta 423(3):374;1976; Biokhimiia 42(11):1977-78; Biokhimiia 43(9):1578;1978; Chem Biol Interact 18:195;1977; Eur J Biochem 74(1):77;1977; Eur J Biochem 89(1):133;1978; Europ J Biochem 77:201;1977; JBC 252(14):5061;1977; Life Sci 1979;25(12):1085; Mech Ageing Devel 5(2):99;1976; Ukr Biokhim J 48(4):455;1976
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl  1898-66-4   *Biphenyl Compounds *Picrates Free Radicals.
Pharma Action Indicators and Reagents 		Cancer Res 33(6):1159;1973; Clin Chem 23(8):1397;1977; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 42:455;1977
semidehydroascorbic acid  6730-29-6 L-ascorbic acid, free radical form  Dehydroascorbic Acid/*analogs & derivatives Free Radicals. Biochim Biophys Acta 261(2):339;1972

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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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