encyclopedia of medical concepts
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Insulin

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Definition: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).  /blood: consider also HYPERINSULINEMIA (excessively high blood insulin levels) but do not confuse with HYPERINSULINISM (excessive secretion of insulin by pancreas); /immunology: consider also INSULIN ANTIBODIES; precursor   
Pharmacological Action Hypoglycemic Agents
See Also Hyperinsulinism; Nonsuppressible Insulin-Like Activity; Proinsulin; Receptor, Insulin
Examples Insulin, Regular, Human; Insulin, Regular, Pork 		Other names Regular Insulin; Insulin, Soluble; Insulin, Sodium; Chain, Insulin B; Soluble Insulin; Sodium Insulin; Novolin; Insulin, Regular; Insulin B Chain; Insulin A Chain; IletinDrugs* : VELOSULIN; REGULAR INSULIN; ILETIN I; NOVOLIN R; HUMULIN BR; VELOSULIN BR; HUMULIN R PEN; REGULAR ILETIN II; REGULAR ILETIN II (PORK); HUMULIN R; INSULIN NORDISK MIXTARD (PORK); ILETIN II; REGULAR PURIFIED PORK INSULIN; INSULIN; VELOSULIN BR HUMAN
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSourceDrugs*
insulin, A8H,B25N,B27E,desB30  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochem J. 2011 Dec 15;440(3):301-8.
insulin, B(1-29)-valyl-glycyl-leucyl-seryl-seryl-glycyl-glutaminyl-A(1-21)-A18Q  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochem J. 2011 Dec 15;440(3):301-8.
Ins2 protein, mouse  0   *Insulin.
momordicoside U  0   *Saponins *Triterpenes Insulin/secretion. Planta Med. 2010 Oct;76(15):1758-61
PIns peptide  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Regul Pept 2009 Oct 9;157(1-3):92-8
Auron-Misheil-Therapy  0   *Calcium *Chlorpheniramine *Insulin *Plant Extracts. Int J Oncol. 2009 May;34(5):1341-52
ILP3 protein, Drosophila  0   *Drosophila Proteins *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Insulin. Fly (Austin). 2007 Mar-Apr;1(2); 113-5
Lys(B29)-N(epsilon)-lithocholoyl-gamma-Glu des(b30) insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007 May;9(3):290-9
Ins1 protein, mouse  0   *Insulin. Diabetologia 2006 Jun;49(6):1222-8
insulin-a protein, zebrafish  0   *Insulin *Zebrafish Proteins. Physiol Genomics 2006 Oct 3;27(1):79-85
insulin-b protein, zebrafish  0   *Insulin *Zebrafish Proteins. Physiol Genomics 2006 Oct 3;27(1):79-85
B22 Glu des-B30 insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2006 Aug;38(8):537-42
insulin, 6-(4-fluorobenzoyl)aminohexanoylphenylalanyl(B1)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives Fluorine Radioisotopes. J Med Chem 2006 Feb 23;49(4):1466-74
insulin-like protein 6-kDa, Panulirus argus  0   *Insulin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003 May;131(3);284-90
insulin glulisine  207748-29-6   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives.
Pharma Action Hypoglycemic Agents 		Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Oct 24;310(3):852-9APIDRA; APIDRA SOLOSTAR
B27 Lys destripeptide insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Sheng Wu Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai) 2003 Mar;35(3):215-8
Lys(B29)(N-carboxynonadecanoyl)-des(B30) human insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 May;88(5):2256-62
Exubera  0   *Insulin Administration, Inhalation. Nephrol News Issues 2002 Jun;16(7):71EXUBERA
hexyl-insulin monoconjugate 2  0   *Insulin *Polymers. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2002;4(4):459-66
NBI6024  0   *Insulin *Peptide Fragments. Diabetes 2002 Jul;51(7):2126-34
insulin, Gln(A8)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Biol Chem 2001 Oct 26;276(43):40018-24
insulin, Glu(A8)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Biol Chem 2001 Oct 26;276(43):40018-24
ins-1 protein, C elegans  0   *Insulin *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Aug 19;249(2):385-90; Genes Dev 2001 Mar 15;15(6):672-86
thyroxyl-insulin  0   *Insulin. Diabetes Care 2000 Aug;23(8):1124-9
insulin, Lys(B29)-(N(epsilon)-myristoyl)-des(b30)  0   *Insulin. Biochemistry 2000 Oct 3;39(39):11893-900
N(epsilon)B29-(4-azidotetrafluorobenzoyl-biocytinyl) insulin  0   *Azides Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Peptides 2000 Mar;21(3):401-6
N(epsilon)B29-(4-azidosalicyloyl) insulin  0   *Azides Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Peptides 2000 Mar;21(3):401-6
((2-sulfo)-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)3-insulin  0   *Fluorenes Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Med Chem 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2530-7
cholera toxin B-insulin conjugate  0   *Cholera Toxin *Insulin Vaccines, Conjugate. Diabetes 1999 Nov;48(11):2150-6
bis(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Diabetes 1999 Jul;48(7):1437-42
insulin, Arg(B0)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Sci China C Life Sci 1996 Oct;39(5):465-73
insulin, N(epsilon)-palmitoyl Lys(B29)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Diabetologia 1998 Jan;41(1):116-20
neutral protamine lispro  0   *Protamines Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Diabetes Care 1997 Dec;20(12):1870-3HUMALOG MIX 50/50 PEN; HUMALOG MIX 75/25; HUMALOG MIX 75/25 KWIKPEN; HUMALOG MIX 75/25 PEN; HUMALOG MIX 50/50 KWIKPEN; HUMALOG MIX 50/50
glycyl-glutamyl-arginyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-tyrosine  0   *Oligopeptides *Peptide Fragments Insulin. Vopr Med Khim 1996 Oct-Dec;42(4):284-91
insulin, Ser(A6,A11)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996 Aug 15;1296(1):63-8
insulin, desamido (B-3)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1996 Jan 15;721(1):89-96
insulin B (9-23)  0   *Insulin *Peptide Fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Jan 23;93(2):956-60
iodo(A14-tyrosyl)insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives Iodine Radioisotopes. Biochem J 1995 Nov 1;311(Pt 3):787-95
amphioxus insulin-like peptide  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochemistry 1994 Sep 10;33(37):11278-85
BSA-insulin-chlorin e(6) conjugate  0   *Insulin *Porphyrins *Serum Albumin, Bovine. Cancer Res 1995 Mar 1;55(5):1014-9
NBC-insulin  0   Biotin/*analogs & derivatives Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Cytometry 1994 Aug 1;16(4):339-45
B-insulin  0   Biotin/*analogs & derivatives Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Cytometry 1994 Aug 1;16(4):339-45
insulin, His(B16)  135059-20-0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochemistry 1994 Jul 5;33(26):7998-8006
insulin, octadeutero-Phe(B1)-octadeutero-Val(B2)  153700-02-8   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives Deuterium. Protein Eng 1994 Feb;7(2):285-9
insulin, Arg(B31)  96351-10-9   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Sci China B 1993 Dec;36(12):1501-9
insulin fragment A(14-21)-B(17-30)  0   *Insulin *Peptide Fragments. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1993 Nov;7(11):1048-50
Leydig insulin-like protein  0   *Insulin *Proteins Hormones. J Biol Chem 1993 Dec 15;268(35):26668-72
insulin, des(tetrapeptide)(B27-B30)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Acta Diabetol 1993;30(2):108-14
B29-biotin insulin  0   Biotin/*analogs & derivatives Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Biol Chem 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4092-8
benzoylphenylalanine(B25)insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives Phenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives. J Biol Chem 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4085-91
sulfated beef insulin  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Diabetes Care 1992 May;15(5):702-4
insulin, W(B28),P(B29)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochemistry 1992 Jun 30;31(25):5692-8
insulin, B1-(4-azidosalicyloyl)-(B1-biocytin,B2-lysine)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 1992 Mar;373(3):143-50
2-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate insulin  0   *Azides Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Biol Chem 1992;267(2):931
insulin, Aib(22) B-chain  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Protein Chem 1991;10(3):313
insulin, Aib(21) B-chain  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Protein Chem 1991;10(3):313
insulin, Glu(21) B-chain  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. J Protein Chem 1991;10(3):313
insulin, Asp(B10)  0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Mol Endocrinol 1991;5(3):319
2,4-dinitrophenol-insulin A chain-fluorescein conjugate  134546-27-3   *Fluoresceins Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Anal Biochem 1991;193(2):272
DKP-insulin  133107-49-0   Insulin/*analogs & derivatives. Biochemistry 1991;30(30):7373
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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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