Intellectual Disability (definition)

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Intellectual Disability

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Definition: Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabiled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

do not equate /rehabil with EDUCATION OF INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED
See Also Abnormalities, Multiple; Angelman Syndrome; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn; Cockayne Syndrome; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome; De Lange Syndrome; Down Syndrome; Laurence-Moon Syndrome; Education of Intellectually Disabled; Fragile X Syndrome; Mentally Disabled Persons; Prader-Willi Syndrome; Rett Syndrome; Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome; Williams Syndrome
Examples Cri-du-Chat Syndrome; De Lange Syndrome; Down Syndrome; Mental Retardation, X-Linked; Prader-Willi Syndrome; Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome; WAGR Syndrome; Williams Syndrome

Other names Retardation, Mental; Mental Retardation; Idiocy; Disability, Intellectual; Retardations, Psychosocial Mental; Retardation, Psychosocial Mental; Psychosocial Mental Retardations; Psychosocial Mental Retardation; Mental Retardations, Psychosocial; Mental Deficiencies; Intellectual Disabilities; Disabilities, Intellectual; Deficiencies, Mental; Mental Retardation, Psychosocial; Mental Deficiency; Deficiency, Mental

Substance	Categories	Source
SeSAME syndrome	Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Intellectual Disability *Seizures.
Lambert syndrome	Biliary Atresia Clubfoot Hernia, Inguinal Intellectual Disability Branchial Region/abnormalities.
Hypertrichosis, hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and distinctive facial features	Hypertrichosis Intellectual Disability *Facies.
Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome	Intellectual Disability Microcephaly *Retinitis Pigmentosa.
Nakamura Osame syndrome	Intellectual Disability Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary *Agenesis of Corpus Callosum.
Hittner Hirsch Kreh syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Coloboma Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Heart Defects, Congenital Intellectual Disability Microphthalmos Ear/abnormalities.
Histidinemia	Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Intellectual Disability Histidine Ammonia-Lyase/deficiency.
Aughton syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Cleft Palate Dextrocardia Intellectual Disability *Microphthalmos.
Deafness, congenital onychodystrophy, recessive form	Deafness Foot Deformities, Congenital Hand Deformities, Congenital Intellectual Disability.
Acrodysostosis	Dysostoses Intellectual Disability *Osteochondrodysplasias.
McDonough syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Cryptorchidism Heart Defects, Congenital Kyphosis Intellectual Disability Facies Rectus Abdominis/abnormalities.
Filippi syndrome	Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Syndactyly *Facies.
Pallister W syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Intellectual Disability *Craniofacial Abnormalities.
Palant cleft palate syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Cleft Palate Intellectual Disability Limb Deformities, Congenital *Facies.
Kuzniecky syndrome	Epilepsy Intellectual Disability *Lissencephaly.
Ectodermal dysplasia mental retardation syndactyly	Ectodermal Dysplasia Intellectual Disability *Syndactyly.
Cantalamessa Baldini Ambrosi syndrome	Growth Disorders Hypogonadism Intellectual Disability Mitral Valve Prolapse.
Camera Marugo Cohen syndrome	Obesity Lordosis Intellectual Disability Muscle Weakness.
CAHMR syndrome	Cataract Hypertrichosis *Intellectual Disability.
Boudhina Yedes Khiari syndrome	Epilepsy Growth Disorders Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Skin Diseases.
Fitzsimmons Walson Mellor syndrome	Glomerulonephritis, IGA Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Intellectual Disability Muscle Spasticity *Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary.
Fine-Lubinsky syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Cataract Craniosynostoses Deafness *Intellectual Disability.
Baraitser Rodeck Garner syndrome	Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Coloboma Craniosynostoses Intellectual Disability Seizures *Kidney Diseases, Cystic Ear/abnormalities Nose/abnormalities.
Pfeiffer Tietze Welte syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Craniosynostoses Foot Deformities, Congenital Hand Deformities, Congenital *Intellectual Disability.	Eur J Pediatr 1987;146(1):74-5
Pfeiffer Mayer syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Coloboma Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability *Polydactyly.
Pfeiffer Kapferer syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Growth Disorders Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Intellectual Disability.
Aortic arch anomaly with peculiar facies and mental retardation	Intellectual Disability Facies Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities.
Ansell Bywaters Elderking syndrome	Arthropathy, Neurogenic Intellectual Disability *Uveitis.
Onychotrichodysplasia and neutropenia	Intellectual Disability Nails, Malformed *Neutropenia Hair/abnormalities.
Macrogyria, pseudobulbar palsy and mental retardation	Brain Diseases Intellectual Disability *Pseudobulbar Palsy.
Volcke Soekarman syndrome	Dandy-Walker Syndrome Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary Brain/abnormalities Skull/abnormalities.
Lynch Lee Murday syndrome	Spine Cryptorchidism Deafness Intellectual Disability Limb Deformities, Congenital.
Kaler Garrity Stern syndrome	Bone Diseases, Metabolic Hair Diseases *Intellectual Disability.
Behr syndrome	Spasm Ataxia Intellectual Disability Optic Atrophy/congenital *Hearing Loss.
Battaglia Neri syndrome	Bone Diseases, Developmental Epilepsy Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Face/abnormalities.
Hair defect with photosensitivity and mental retardation	Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome Intellectual Disability *Photosensitivity Disorders.
Gurrieri Sammito Bellussi syndrome	Bone Diseases, Developmental Epilepsy *Intellectual Disability.
Growth mental deficiency syndrome of Myhre	Facies Cryptorchidism Growth Disorders Hand Deformities, Congenital Hypertrophy Joint Diseases *Intellectual Disability.	J Med Genet. 2003; 40(7):546-51
Kozlowski-Krajewska syndrome	Hair Diseases Polydactyly Intellectual Disability Syndactyly *Facies.
Microcephaly, corpus callosum dysgenesis and cleft lip-palate	Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Exophthalmos Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Spasms, Infantile *Agenesis of Corpus Callosum.
Microcephaly sparse hair mental retardation seizures	Alopecia Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Seizures.
Microcephaly seizures mental retardation heart disorders	Abnormalities, Multiple Heart Defects, Congenital Intellectual Disability Microcephaly *Seizures Bone and Bones/abnormalities.
Microcephaly microcornea syndrome Seemanova type	Cataract Corneal Diseases Eye Abnormalities Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability Microcephaly *Genetic Diseases, X-Linked.
Seemanova Lesny syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Cataract/congenital Growth Disorders Hypogonadism Intellectual Disability Microcephaly *Muscle Spasticity.
Scott Bryant Graham syndrome	Abnormalities, Multiple Skull/abnormalities Intellectual Disability *Syndactyly.
Sclerosing bone dysplasia mental retardation	Bone Diseases Intellectual Disability *Sclerosis.
Piussan Lenaerts Mathieu syndrome	Ankylosis Intellectual Disability Thumb/abnormalities.	J Genet Hum. 1983;31(2):107-14
Kozlowski Rafinski Klicharska syndrome	Bone Diseases, Developmental Cataract Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability Psychomotor Disorders Facies.
Kozlowski Ouvrier syndrome	Intellectual Disability Agenesis of Corpus Callosum Bone and Bones/abnormalities.
Spastic paraplegia 14, autosomal recessive	Intellectual Disability Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary.
Spastic diplegia infantile type	Intellectual Disability Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary.
Microphthalmia and mental deficiency	Coloboma Corneal Opacity Microphthalmos Intellectual Disability Microcephaly Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn.
Mental retardation, macrocephaly, short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism	Dwarfism Intellectual Disability *Macrocephaly.
Mental retardation, keratoconus, febrile seizures, and sinoatrial block	Keratoconus Intellectual Disability Seizures Sinoatrial Block.
Mental retardation Wolff type	*Intellectual Disability.
Mental retardation syndrome, Belgian type	*Intellectual Disability.
Mental retardation spasticity ectrodactyly	Intellectual Disability Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary *Limb Deformities, Congenital.
Mental retardation Smith Fineman Myers type	*Intellectual Disability.
Mental retardation Mietens Weber type	Contracture Corneal Opacity Growth Disorders Intellectual Disability *Nystagmus, Congenital.
Arachnodactyly ataxia cataract aminoaciduria mental retardation	Cataract Intellectual Disability *Arachnodactyly.

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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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