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Apoptosis

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Definition: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.  do not confuse with NECROSIS, pathological cell death; unspecified probably goes here; PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH, TYPE II see AUTOPHAGY is also available   
See Also CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Caspases; Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein; Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Necrosis
Examples Anoikis 		Other names Apoptosis, Extrinsic Pathway; Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis; Intrinsic Pathway Apoptoses; Extrinsic Pathway Apoptosis; Extrinsic Pathway Apoptoses; Apoptoses, Intrinsic Pathway; Apoptoses, Extrinsic Pathway; Programmed Cell Death, Type I; Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSource
(1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one  0   Curcumin/*analogs & derivatives Apoptosis/drug effects. Mol Med Report. 2012 Mar;5(3):739-44
macrocalyxin A  0   *Diterpenes Apoptosis/drug effects. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Jun;30(6):368-72
2-(cis-1,2-dihydroxy 4-oxo-cyclohex-5-enyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromone  0   *Cyclohexanones *Flavones Apoptosis/drug effects. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 11;654(3):209-16
CTNNBL1 protein, mouse  0   *Nuclear Proteins *Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Leucine Zippers Apoptosis beta Catenin. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;185(3):1379-81
Napor-3 protein, rat  0   *Nerve Tissue Proteins *RNA-Binding Proteins Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2009 Jan;15(1):BR6-12
Hint2 protein, human  0   *Mitochondrial Proteins Apoptosis. Endocrinology 2008 Nov;149(11):5461-9
6-azidomethyl-1-hydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy-9,10-anthraquinone  0   *Azides Emodin/*analogs & derivatives Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008 Ther;2008 Jun;7(6):1688-97
Daxx protein, rat  0   *Nuclear Proteins *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing Apoptosis. Cell Biol Int 2004;28(8-9):609-14; World J Gastroenterol 2008 Jan 21;14(3):435-40
IIGP165 protein, rat  0   *Transcription Factors Apoptosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007 Nov;36(3):392-407
BAP2 protein, Arabidopsis  0   *Carrier Proteins *Arabidopsis Proteins Apoptosis. Plant Physiol 2007 Sep;145(1):135-46
TAX1BP1 protein, mouse  0   *Neoplasm Proteins *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Apoptosis. EMBO J 2007 Sep 5;26(17):3910-22
GL-7 Fab fragment  0   *Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Apoptosis. Leuk Res 2006 Jul;30(7):829-39
LATS2 protein, mouse  EC 2.7.1.37   *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases *Tumor Suppressor Proteins Apoptosis Cell Cycle Proteins. J Biol Chem 2007 Jun 29;282(26):19259-71
noxin protein, mouse  0   *Carrier Proteins *Phosphoproteins Zinc Fingers Apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2007 Aug;27(15):5430-44
2-amino-4-(3-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-cyano-4,7-dihydropyrano(2,3-e)indole  0   *Benzopyrans *Indoles Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2007 Jun 14;50(12):2858-64
TcapQ647 peptide  0   *Peptides Apoptosis. J Med Chem 2005 Aug 25;48(17):5404-7
Jpk protein, mouse  0   *GTP-Binding Protein Regulators Apoptosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1090():182-7
N-(2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl) 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propenamide  0   *Coumaric Acids Apoptosis. Chembiochem 2006 Dec;7(12):1916-22
GAAP protein, vaccinia virus  0   *Viral Proteins Apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2007 Feb;3(2):e17
TMBIM4 protein, human  0   *Membrane Proteins Apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2007 Feb;3(2):e17
HRPE773 protein, human  0   *Proteins Apoptosis. Physiol Genomics 2006 Dec 13;28(1):129-40
Tax1-binding protein 1, rat  0   *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Neoplasm Proteins Apoptosis. Biochem J 2007 Jan 15;401(2):429-36
LM11A-24  0   Caffeine/*analogs & derivatives Apoptosis. Eur J Neurosci 2006 Sep;24(6):1575-80
Ysp2 protein, S cerevisiae  0   *Mitochondrial Proteins *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006 Sep-Oct;1757(9-10):1366-70
NSC 144303  0   *Cyclic S-Oxides *Nitrobenzenes Apoptosis. Cancer Res 2006 Sep 15;66(18):9235-44
C12orf5 protein, human  0   *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Apoptosis Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins. Cell 2006 Jul 14;126(1):107-20
RBM10 protein, human  0   *RNA-Binding Proteins Apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2006 Apr 15;97(6):1275-82
N-acetylphytosphingosine  0   *Sphingolipids Apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Apr;11(4):581-8
Tsarg1 protein, rat  0   *Molecular Chaperones Apoptosis. DNA Seq 2005 Jun;16(3):166-72
NSC 45641  0   *Hydrazones *Purines Apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 Apr 18;103(16):6344-9
NEKK1-related protein X, mouse  EC 6.3.2.19   *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Zinc Fingers Apoptosis. Biochem J 2006 Jun 15;396(3):411-7
Hax-1 protein, rat  0   *Carrier Proteins Apoptosis. Gene 2006 Apr 12;371(1):84-92
ZC3H12A protein, human  0   *Transcription Factors Apoptosis Zinc Fingers. Circ Res 2006 May 12;98(9):1177-85
RBMX protein, human  0   *Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins Apoptosis. Asian J Androl 2006 Mar;8(2):213-8
dohevanil  0   Capsaicin/*analogs & derivatives Apoptosis. Life Sci 2006 Feb 23;78(13):1515-9
RNF144B protein, human  EC 6.3.2.19   *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Zinc Fingers Apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2006 Feb 6;580(3):940-7
BNip3 protein, mouse  0   *Membrane Proteins *Mitochondrial Proteins Muscle Proteins Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2006 Jan 20;281(3):1442-8
PLEKHF1 protein, human  0   *Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2005 Dec 9;280(49):40985-95
necrostatin-1  0   *Imidazoles *Indoles Apoptosis. Nat Chem Biol 2005 Jul;1(2):112-9
AEN protein, human  EC 3.1.-   *Exodeoxyribonucleases Apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005 Nov 11;337(1):39-47
3'-hydroxypterostilbene  0   *Stilbenes Apoptosis. Genomics 2003 Jun;81(6):609-171709-26
Ddx20 protein, rat  EC 3.6.1.-   *DEAD Box Protein 20 Apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol 2001 Jan;15(1):69-79
H11 protein, rat  0   *Muscle Proteins Apoptosis. Biochem J 2005 Jun 1;388(Pt 2):475-83
PANDER protein, mouse  0   *Cytokines Apoptosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005 Oct;289(4):E543-50
Ced-13 protein, C elegans  0   *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins Apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2005 Feb;12(2):153-61
Perp protein, zebrafish  0   *Membrane Proteins *Zebrafish Proteins Apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2005 Jan;12(1):52-64
Sfrp2 protein, rat  0   *Membrane Proteins Apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2005 Sep;14(3):783-7
BOK protein, human  0   *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 Apoptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 May;62(9):1015-24
CCDC72 protein, human  0   *Proteins Apoptosis. Exp Dermatol 2005 Mar;14(3):209-14
SNAMA protein, Drosophila  0   *Carrier Proteins *Drosophila Proteins Zinc Fingers Apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005 Mar 10;1727(3):169-76
SPATA4 protein, rat  0   *Proteins Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Nov;27(11):1867-70
Bnip2 protein, rat  0   *Carrier Proteins Apoptosis.
BNIP2 protein, human  0   *Carrier Proteins Apoptosis.
GAP1 protein, rat  0   *GTPase-Activating Proteins Apoptosis. Biol Reprod 2004 Dec;71(6):1980-90
Dhcr24 protein, mouse  EC 1.3.1.-   *Nerve Tissue Proteins *Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors Apoptosis.
DHCR24 protein, human  EC 1.3.1.-   *Nerve Tissue Proteins *Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors Apoptosis.
Trp53inp1 protein, mouse  0   *Carrier Proteins *Heat-Shock Proteins Apoptosis.
Faim protein, mouse  0   *Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins Apoptosis Antigens, CD95.
c-jun N-terminal kinase Bim(EL), rat  EC 2.7.1.37   *JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Apoptosis. J Neurosci 2004 Oct 6;24(40):8762-70
DDIT4L protein, human  0   *Proteins Apoptosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004 Oct;24(10):1830-5
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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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