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Conotoxins

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Definition: Peptide neurotoxins from the marine fish-hunting snails of the genus CONUS. They contain 13 to 29 amino acids which are strongly basic and are highly cross-linked by disulfide bonds. There are three types of conotoxins, omega-, alpha-, and mu-. OMEGA-CONOTOXINS inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane and therefore the release of ACETYLCHOLINE. Alpha-conotoxins inhibit the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor. Mu-conotoxins prevent the generation of muscle action potentials. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)  OMEGA-CONOTOXINS and OMEGA-CONOTOXIN GVIA are available   
Pharmacological Action Calcium Channel Blockers; Neurotoxins
Examples omega-Conotoxins 		Other names mu Conotoxins; mu Conotoxin; alpha Conotoxins; alpha Conotoxin; mu-Conotoxin; alpha-Conotoxin; Conotoxin; mu-Conotoxins; alpha-Conotoxins
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSourceDrugs*
alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Conus regius  0   *Receptors, Nicotinic *Conotoxins Nicotinic Antagonists. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 1;83(3):419-26
CCAP-vil peptide, Conus villepinii  0   *Peptides, Cyclic *Conotoxins. Peptides 2010 Jul;31(7):1292-300
Sr11a peptide, Conus spurius  0   *Peptides *Conotoxins. Peptides 2010 Jul;31(7):1287-91
conotoxin Qc1.2, Conus quercinus  0   *Conotoxins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2009 Oct;41(10):858-64
lt3a conotoxin, Conus litteratus  0   *Conotoxins. Arch Toxicol. 2009 Oct;83(10); 925-32
TxXIIIA toxin, Conus textile  0   *Conotoxins. J Proteomics 2009 Mar 6;72(2):219-26
conantokin-Br, Conus brettinghami  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry. 2009 May 19;48(19):4063-73
delta-conotoxin de7b, Conus delessertii  0   *Conotoxins. Peptides 2009 Mar;30(3):458-66
(2,8)-dicarba-(3,12)-cystino alpha-ImI  0   *Conotoxins. J Med Chem 2009 Feb 12;52(3):755-62
alpha-conotoxin IB, Leu(11), Asp(16)  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2007 Jun 5;46(22):6628-38
conantokin-E  0   *Conotoxins Mollusk Venoms. Toxicon. 2008 Aug 1;52(2):203-13
conantokin-P  0   *Conotoxins Mollusk Venoms. Toxicon. 2008 Aug 1;52(2):203-13
ca16a protein, Conus caracteristicus  0   *Conotoxins. Peptides 2008 Sep;29(9):1521-5
conomarphin, Conus marmoreus  0   *Conotoxins. FEBS J 2008 May;275(9):1976-87
conolysin-Mt, Conus mustelinus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2007 Nov 6;46(44):12586-93
conotoxin iota-RXIA, Conus radiatus  0   *Conotoxins. J Neurochem 2003 May ;85(3):610-21
alpha-conotoxin MII, 2-aminododecanoyl  0   *Conotoxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 Sep 14;361(1):97-102
alphaC-conotoxin PrXA  0   *Conotoxins Receptors, Nicotinic. Biochemistry 2007 Jul 31;46(30):8717-24
ZCCPTMPECCRI-NH(2)  0   *Conotoxins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007 Aug;18(8):1396-404
ZCCITIPECCRI-NH(2)  0   *Conotoxins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007 Aug;18(8):1396-404
Ac1.1b conotoxin, Conus achatinus  0   *Conotoxins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007 Jun;39(6):438-44
Ac1.1a conotoxin, Conus achatinus  0   *Conotoxins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007 Jun;39(6):438-44
Am975 protein, Conus amadis  0   *Conotoxins. Peptides 2006 Nov;27(11):2647-54
Lo959 protein, Conus loroisii  0   *Conotoxins. Peptides 2006 Nov;27(11):2647-54
mu-conotoxin TIIIA, Conus tulipa  0   *Conotoxins. Mol Pharmacol 2007 Mar;71(3):676-85
alpha-conotoxin BuIA, Conus bullatus  0   *Conotoxins Receptors, Nicotinic. J Biol Chem 2005 Jan 7;280(1):80-7
lt14a peptide, Conus litteratus  0   *Conotoxins. Peptides 2006 Sep;27(9):2174-81
asteropine A, Asteropus simplex  0   *Conotoxins. Chem Biol 2006 Jun;13(6):569-74
conotoxin alpha-RgIA, Conus regius  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2006 Feb 7;45(5):1511-7
Ala7-conantokin-G  0   *Conotoxins Alanine/*analogs & derivatives. J Neurochem 2006 Jan;96(1):283-92
chi-conopeptide MrIA, Conus  0   *Conotoxins. Biopolymers 2005;80(6):815-23
alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1  0   *Conotoxins. Brain Res. 2005 Oct 19;1059(2):149-58
delta-conotoxin SVIA, Conus striatus  0   *Conotoxins. FEBS Lett 2005 Jul 18;579(18):3881-4
alphaA-conotoxin OIVB, Conus obscurus  0   *Conotoxins Receptors, Nicotinic/antagonists & inhibitors. J Neurosci 2005 Jan 19;25(3):732-6
alphaS-conotoxin RVIIIA, Conus radiatus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2005 May 31;44(21):7897-902
mu-conotoxin KIIIA, Conus kinoshitai  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2005 May 17;44(19):7259-65
alphaA-conotoxin OIVA  0   *Peptides, Cyclic *Conotoxins. Toxicon. 2004 Aug;44(2):207-14
ACV1, Conus textile  0   *Conotoxins. Drug Discov Today 2002 Sep 1;7(17):885-6
conotoxin GlaMrIV, Conus marmoreus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004 Jul 9;319(4):1081-7
conotoxin GlaMrIII, Conus marmoreus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004 Jul 9;319(4):1081-7
conotoxin GlaMrII, Conus marmoreus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004 Jul 9;319(4):1081-7
delta-conotoxin EVIA, Conus ermineus  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2004 May 14;279(20):21356-66
conotoxin mr3a, Conus marmoreus  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2004 Jan 20;43(2):425-9
AnIC protein, Conus anemone  0   *Conotoxins. J Med Chem 2004 Feb 26;47(5):1234-41
AnIB protein, Conus anemone  0   *Conotoxins. J Med Chem 2004 Feb 26;47(5):1234-41
AnIA protein, Conus anemone  0   *Conotoxins. J Med Chem 2004 Feb 26;47(5):1234-41
alpha-conotoxin PIA, Conus purpurascens  0   *Mollusk Venoms Conotoxins. J Neurosci 2003 Sep 17;23(24):8445-52
conotoxin rho-TIA  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34451-7
kappa-conotoxin BtX  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2003 Apr 11;278(15):12624-33
alpha-conotoxin GID, Conus geographus  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2003 Jan 31;278(5):3137-44
kappaM-conotoxin RIIIK, Conus radiatus  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2003 Jan 24;278(4):2177-83
alpha-conotoxin ImII, Conus imperialis  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2003 Jan 10;278(2):757-64
mu-conotoxin SmIIIA  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 2002 Dec 24;41(51):15388-93
conotoxin gm9a, Conus gloriamaris  0   *Conotoxins. J Biol Chem 2002 Nov 8;277(45):43033-40
conotoxin TxVI, Gla(1)  0   *Conotoxins. J Mass Spectrom 2000 Feb;35(2):145-56
spasmodic peptide, Conus  0   *Conotoxins Snails. Biochemistry 2000 Feb 22;39(7):1583-8
conantokin R  0   *Conotoxins Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000 Jan;292(1):425-32
epsilon conotoxin TxIX  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 1999 Nov 2;38(44):14660-6
alpha-conotoxin IB  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 1999 May 11;38(19):6317-26
alpha-conotoxin IA  0   *Conotoxins. Biochemistry 1999 May 11;38(19):6317-26
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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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